What is the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC)?
The Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) is an approach to education that focuses on what learners know, can do, and can demonstrate – rather than simply what they know or can remember. It aims to develop knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that learners can apply in real-life situations. The curriculum emphasises practical learning, critical thinking, creativity, problem solving, and lifelong learning.
Why did Zambia adopt the Competency-Based Curriculum?
Research shows that traditional content-based curricula often produced learners with theoretical knowledge but limited practical skills. Zambia adopted the CBC to make education more relevant to the needs of learners, society, and the economy. The reform was also motivated by concerns about youth unemployment, as well as the need for learners to acquire relevant and applicable skills, and to prepare them to contribute meaningfully to society and Zambia’s economy.
How is the CBC different from the previous curriculum?
Under the previous curriculum, the emphasis was largely on content knowledge and examinations. The CBC, by contrast, focuses on the application of knowledge through learner-centred activities, projects, investigations, practical work, collaboration, and problem-solving activities. Assessment considers not only what learners know but also what they can do with that knowledge.
What skills does the CBC aim to develop?
The CBC seeks to develop both subject-specific competences, as well as key competences and essential 21st-century skills, including the following:
- Critical thinking
- Creativity and innovation
- Communication
- Collaboration
- Problem solving
- Digital literacy
- Financial literacy
- Emotional intelligence
- Entrepreneurial skills
These competencies are intended to prepare learners for further education, employment, entrepreneurship, and active citizenship.
How are learners assessed under the CBC?
Assessment under the CBC is broader than traditional examinations. Teachers use a combination of classroom tasks, projects, observations, practical activities, presentations, assignments, tests, and examinations to evaluate learner progress. The emphasis is on continuous assessment and the demonstration of competencies in authentic contexts.
What is the role of the teacher in a CBC?
In the CBC, teachers act as facilitators of learning rather than solely providers of information. They guide learners through activities that encourage inquiry, exploration, collaboration, critical and independent thinking. Teachers also provide scaffolding and support as learners develop greater responsibility and independence on their learning journey.
How will the CBC benefit Zambia’s learners and the country?
The CBC aims to develop learners who are confident, skilled, innovative, and adaptable. By connecting learning to real-life situations and national development priorities, the curriculum seeks to improve employability, support entrepreneurship, strengthen problem-solving abilities, and contribute to sustainable social and economic development. The 2023 Zambia Education Curriculum Framework further emphasises competencies needed for the 21st century and education for sustainability.
